Retinoids are the most effective topical treatment for acne, but they can also irritate the skin more than other acne treatments. They are available in topical skin preparations, such as tretinoin (Retin-A), adapalene (Differin Topical Cream or Gel) and isotretinoin (Isotrex Gel), or as oral medicine (isotretinoin – brand name Roaccutane).

People taking retinoids may need non-oily moisturisers for their lips and face, as well as eye lubricant drops, as they can cause dry skin and eyes. Retinoids can cause severe birth defects, so cannot be taken by pregnant women, those planning pregnancy or women who are not using appropriate contraceptive measures.

Retinoids are natural and synthetic vitamin A derivatives, which regulate development, cell proliferation, and differentiation.

The best known topical retinoid is Tretinoin which is marketed under the names Retin-A, Avita and Renova, although it is also available as a generic brand. Retinoid breaks down in the presence of benzoyl peroxide so it must not be applied at the same time of day.

The way retinoid works is that it increases skin cell turnover which promotes the extrusion of the plugged material in the follicle that is the cause of acne. It also prevents the formation of new acne or comedones.

All of the kinds of retinoids must be prescribed by a health care provider.